ACT Science Practice Tests 1

ACT Science Practice Tests 1

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28/03/2024

  • Total Question : 5
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  • 1)

    Insects’ fat bodies are responsible for nutrient storage and for a significant part of intermediary metabolism. Thus, it can be expected that the structure and content of the fat body will adaptively change if an insect is going through different life stages. Bumblebee queens belong to such insects as they dramatically change their physiology several times over their lives in relation to their solitary overwintering, independent colony foundation stage, and during the colony life-cycle ending in the senescent stage. Here, we report on changes in the ultrastructure and lipid composition of the peripheral fat body of Bombus terrestris queens in relation to seasonal changes in the queens’ activity. Six life stages are defined and evaluated in particular: pharate, callow, before and after hibernation, egg-laying, and senescence. 

     

    Total lipids                                    

     TG

     

    Life stage                   Weight [mg] (number of samples

     

    Pharate

    19.3 ± 5.2 (17)

    17.6 ± 1.5 (5)

     

    Callow

    11.9 ± 2.7 (27)

    8.8 ± 0.5 (6)

     

    Before hibernation

    35.5 ± 17.0 (19)

    21.1 ± 3.9 (6)

     

    After hibernation

    6.1 ± 4.1 (19)

    4.5 ± 3.9 (6)

     

    Egg-laying

    7.7 ± 2.1 (34)

    1.3 ± 0.5 (6)

     

    Senescent

    9.1 ± 4.1 (16)

    3.8 ± 3.7 (7)

     

    TG: triacylglycerols

    Trends of change in adipocyte size, total lipid weight, and triacylglycerol (TG) weight in queens at different life stages is reflected in the graph below.

    Which of the following statement is true about the Bombus terrestris queens?

    Your Answer : Not attemptedCorrect Answer : The overall weight of the Bombus terrestris queens is lowest when they are in egg laying stage.
  • 2)

    Insects’ fat bodies are responsible for nutrient storage and for a significant part of intermediary metabolism. Thus, it can be expected that the structure and content of the fat body will adaptively change, if an insect is going through different life stages. Bumblebee queens belong to such insects as they dramatically change their physiology several times over their lives in relation to their solitary overwintering, independent colony foundation stage, and during the colony life-cycle ending in the senescent stage. Here, we report on changes in the ultrastructure and lipid composition of the peripheral fat body of Bombus terrestris  queens in relation to seasonal changes in the queens’ activity. Six life stages are defined and evaluated in particular: pharate, callow, before and after hibernation, egg-laying, and senescence. 

     

    Total lipids                                    

     TG

     

    Life stage                   Weight [mg] (number of samples

     

    Pharate

    19.3 ± 5.2 (17)

    17.6 ± 1.5 (5)

     

    Callow

    11.9 ± 2.7 (27)

    8.8 ± 0.5 (6)

     

    Before hibernation

    35.5 ± 17.0 (19)

    21.1 ± 3.9 (6)

     

    After hibernation

    6.1 ± 4.1 (19)

    4.5 ± 3.9 (6)

     

    Egg-laying

    7.7 ± 2.1 (34)

    1.3 ± 0.5 (6)

     

    Senescent

    9.1 ± 4.1 (16)

    3.8 ± 3.7 (7)

     

    TG: triacylglycerols

    Trends of change in adipocyte size, total lipid weight, and triacylglycerol (TG) weight in queens at different life stages is reflected in the graph below.

    How much overall weight of Bombus terrestris queens decline after the first stage?

    Your Answer : Not attemptedCorrect Answer : 43.9%
  • 3)

    Insects’ fat bodies are responsible for nutrient storage and for a significant part of intermediary metabolism. Thus, it can be expected that the structure and content of the fat body will adaptively change, if an insect is going through different life stages. Bumblebee queens belong to such insects as they dramatically change their physiology several times over their lives in relation to their solitary overwintering, independent colony foundation stage, and during the colony life-cycle ending in the senescent stage. Here, we report on changes in the ultrastructure and lipid composition of the peripheral fat body of Bombus terrestris queens in relation to seasonal changes in the queens’ activity. Six life stages are defined and evaluated in particular: pharate, callow, before and after hibernation, egg-laying, and senescence. 

     

    Total lipids                                    

     TG

     

    Life stage                   Weight [mg] (number of samples

     

    Pharate

    19.3 ± 5.2 (17)

    17.6 ± 1.5 (5)

     

    Callow

    11.9 ± 2.7 (27)

    8.8 ± 0.5 (6)

     

    Before hibernation

    35.5 ± 17.0 (19)

    21.1 ± 3.9 (6)

     

    After hibernation

    6.1 ± 4.1 (19)

    4.5 ± 3.9 (6)

     

    Egg-laying

    7.7 ± 2.1 (34)

    1.3 ± 0.5 (6)

     

    Senescent

    9.1 ± 4.1 (16)

    3.8 ± 3.7 (7)

     

    TG: triacylglycerols

    Trends of change in adipocyte size, total lipid weight, and triacylglycerol (TG) weight in queens at different life stages is reflected in the graph below.

    The adipocyte volume of the Bombus terrestris queens declines continuously EXCEPT in:

    Your Answer : Not attemptedCorrect Answer : Before hibernation stage
  • 4)

    Insects’ fat bodies are responsible for nutrient storage and for a significant part of intermediary metabolism. Thus, it can be expected that the structure and content of the fat body will adaptively change, if an insect is going through different life stages. Bumblebee queens belong to such insects as they dramatically change their physiology several times over their lives in relation to their solitary overwintering, independent colony foundation stage, and during the colony life-cycle ending in the senescent stage. Here, we report on changes in the ultrastructure and lipid composition of the peripheral fat body of Bombus terrestris queens in relation to seasonal changes in the queens’ activity. Six life stages are defined and evaluated in particular: pharate, callow, before and after hibernation, egg-laying, and senescence. 

     

    Total lipids                                    

     TG

     

    Life stage                   Weight [mg] (number of samples

     

    Pharate

    19.3 ± 5.2 (17)

    17.6 ± 1.5 (5)

     

    Callow

    11.9 ± 2.7 (27)

    8.8 ± 0.5 (6)

     

    Before hibernation

    35.5 ± 17.0 (19)

    21.1 ± 3.9 (6)

     

    After hibernation

    6.1 ± 4.1 (19)

    4.5 ± 3.9 (6)

     

    Egg-laying

    7.7 ± 2.1 (34)

    1.3 ± 0.5 (6)

     

    Senescent

    9.1 ± 4.1 (16)

    3.8 ± 3.7 (7)

     

    TG: triacylglycerols

    Trends of change in adipocyte size, total lipid weight, and triacylglycerol (TG) weight in queens at different life stages is reflected in the graph below.

    What is the adipocyte volume at the egg laying stage?

    Your Answer : Not attemptedCorrect Answer : Below 250000 µm3
  • 5)

    Insects’ fat bodies are responsible for nutrient storage and for a significant part of intermediary metabolism. Thus, it can be expected that the structure and content of the fat body will adaptively change, if an insect is going through different life stages. Bumblebee queens belong to such insects as they dramatically change their physiology several times over their lives in relation to their solitary overwintering, independent colony foundation stage, and during the colony life-cycle ending in the senescent stage. Here, we report on changes in the ultrastructure and lipid composition of the peripheral fat body of Bombus terrestris queens in relation to seasonal changes in the queens’ activity. Six life stages are defined and evaluated in particular: pharate, callow, before and after hibernation, egg-laying, and senescence. 

     

    Total lipids                                    

     TG

     

    Life stage                   Weight [mg] (number of samples

     

    Pharate

    19.3 ± 5.2 (17)

    17.6 ± 1.5 (5)

     

    Callow

    11.9 ± 2.7 (27)

    8.8 ± 0.5 (6)

     

    Before hibernation

    35.5 ± 17.0 (19)

    21.1 ± 3.9 (6)

     

    After hibernation

    6.1 ± 4.1 (19)

    4.5 ± 3.9 (6)

     

    Egg-laying

    7.7 ± 2.1 (34)

    1.3 ± 0.5 (6)

     

    Senescent

    9.1 ± 4.1 (16)

    3.8 ± 3.7 (7)

     

    TG: triacylglycerols

    Trends of change in adipocyte size, total lipid weight, and triacylglycerol (TG) weight in queens at different life stages is reflected in the graph below.

    The Triacylglycerol weight of the Bombus terrestris queens declines constantly EXCEPT at

    Your Answer : Not attemptedCorrect Answer : Both A and B

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